Effects of three types of functional appliances in Class II malocclusion treatment – sagittal and vertical changes

Abstract

Introduction/Objective Class II malocclusions are sagittal malocclusions characterized by a distal relationship of posterior teeth. Depending on the underlying problem, Class II malocclusions can be skeletal or dentoalveolar. Class II malocclusion treatment modality will depend on the cause, severity, and age. Growth modification is the best treatment option in growing patients with skeletal Class II malocclusions. The aim of this study was to establish and compare sagittal and vertical skeletal and dental changes in patients treated with the “M block” appliance, the Fränkel functional regulator, and the Balters’ bionator.

Methods The sample consisted of 70 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusions (ANB > 4°) and mandibular retrognathism (SNB < 80°). The patients were divided into three groups according to the type of appliance. All the patients went through the standard diagnostic procedure (anamnesis, clinical and functional analysis, study model, panoramic radiograph, and cephalometric analysis), and dental and skeletal age was determined. Treatment effects were analyzed on study models and cephalograms at the end of treatment.

Results All the appliances led to significant mandibular anterior movement and sagittal growth, which reduced the ANB values. All three groups of patients presented with neutral growth pattern, upper incisor retrusion, and lower incisor protrusion at the end of treatment.

Conclusion The results of this study indicate efficacy of all three appliances in skeletal Class II malocclusion treatment.

Keywords: class II malocclusion; functional treatment; M block appliance; Fränkel appliance; bionator