Antioxidative Status of Saliva before and after Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment

Abstract

Introduction Oxidative stress and antioxidants play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, including chronic periodontitis (CP). Saliva contains enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase – GPx, superoxide dismutase – SOD, etc.) and non-enzymatic (albumin – ALB, uric acid – UA, glutathione, etc.) antioxidants.

Objective The aims of this study were to investigate: a) level of SOD, GPx, UA, ALB and total antioxidative status (TAS) of saliva in CP patients before and after non-surgical treatment, and b) correlations between clinical periodontal parameters and levels of salivary antioxidants.

Methods Saliva was collected from 21 CP patients before and after non-surgical treatment. The condition of periodontium was assessed by plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Level of investigated antioxidants (except GPx) and TAS was determined using colorimetric method and commercial kits. GPx activity was determined using UV method and commercial kits.

Results After the treatment significant increase of UA, ALB, Gpx, TAS was detected (p<0.01) and decrease of SOD activity (p>0.05). A significant correlation was observed between GPx and PI (r=0.575, p=0.008), SOD and GI (r=0.525, p=0.017) before therapy, and SOD and bleeding on probing (BP) (r=0.59, p=0.006), TAS and BP (r=0.453, p=0.045) after therapy.

Conclusion These data suggest that levels of salivary antioxidants generally increase after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Correlation between some clinical periodontal parameters and level of salivary antioxidants was found.

Keywords: saliva; antioxidants; uric acid; albumin; glutathione peroxidase; superoxide dismutase; total antioxidative status; antichronic periodontitis treatment