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Unraveling infertility – most frequent causes and essential predictors of assisted reproductive technologies outcomes
ИСПИТИВАЊЕ НЕПЛОДНОСТИ – НАЈЧЕШЋИ УЗРОЦИ И КЉУЧНИ ПРЕДИКТОРИ ИСХОДА ПОСТУПАКА АСИСТИРАНИХ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЈА
- Часопис
- Serbian Archives of Medicine
- Објављено
- Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2025;153(9–10):465–470.
- Врста рада
- ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Abstract
Introduction/Objective Infertility is a global health concern affecting millions of couples worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the most common causes of infertility among patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies procedures and to determine key predictors of a successful outcome.
Methods This retrospective observational study included 164 patients treated at a University Clinical Center. Patients characteristics included age, body mass index, duration of infertility, baseline hormone levels were recorded, along with stimulation protocol, insemination technique, number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo quality, and treatment outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of a clinical pregnancy.
Results The mean age of participants was 34.66 ± 3.69 years, and 89% underwent a short stimulation protocol. Unexplained infertility was most frequent (30.5%), followed by male factor (28%). Among the participants, 65.2% had 4–15 retrieved oocytes, while 19.5% had ≤ 3 and 15.2% had > 15. Embryos of quality A were observed in 56.7% of patients. The overall pregnancy rate was 53.7%. Univariate logistic regression identified lower baseline progesterone, higher number of mature oocytes, and better embryo quality as significant predictors of success. In the multivariate model, the number of mature oocytes (p = 0.014) and A-quality embryos (p = 0.004) remained independent predictors of a positive outcome.
Conclusion This study demonstrates that the number of mature oocytes and top-quality embryos are essential for achieving favorable in vitro fertilization / intracytoplasmic sperm injection results. Recognizing and addressing these predictive factors may enhance the success rate of assisted reproductive treatments, stressing the need for personalized therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: infertility; assisted reproductive technologies procedures; embryo quality; progesterone; IVF outcome