Relationship between the vertical craniofacial disproportions and the cervicovertebral morphology in adult subjects

Abstract

Introduction Orthodontic diagnosis includes the interpretation of the relations between the craniofacial and cervical system, given the potential impact of the irregularities from one system to another.

Objective The aim of this study was to examine morphological characteristics of the cervical spine, depending on the parameters of the vertical craniofacial growth and gender in adult subjects.

Methods The sample comprised lateral cephalograms of 120 subjects with different vertical facial growth, aged 17.5–35 years. Measured parameters were the following: anterior and posterior vertebral body height (ABHC2–C5, PBHC2–C5), anterior and posterior intervertebral space (AISC2–C5, PISC2–C5), distance between vertebrae and point sella (SC2, SC3, SC4), pterygomaxillare (PmC2), gonion (GoC2) and basion (BaC4); cervical spine angulation (OPT/CVT) and inclination (OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR).

Results Results showed that subjects with anterior facial growth rotation have greater values for BaC4, OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR, OPT/CVT, anterior and posterior vertebral body heights and intervertebral spaces, and lower values for GoC2 and PmC2. Higher values in males were found for anterior and posterior vertebral body heights, distances SC2, SC3, SC4, and BaC4. In females, the greater values were found for GoC2 and ОРТ/СVT.

Conclusion Subjects with anterior facial growth rotation have greater cervical spine inclination and angulation, higher cervical vertebrae and intervertebral spaces, longer upper cervical spines and shorter distances GoC2 and PmC2. Males show smaller cervical column curvature, but higher cervical vertebrae and greater length of the upper cervical spine.

Keywords: craniofacial morphology; facial growth rotation; cervical vertebrae