Psychometric properties of North Macedonian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Subjects

Abstract

Introduction/Objective Dental patient-reported outcome measures are very important in a disease-specific population such as edentulous subjects. The aim of the study was to adapt the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Subjects (OHIP-EDENT) in the cultural environment of North Macedonia.

Methods This study adapted the original 19-item version of the OHIP-EDENT. After the forward–backward translation according to international standards, the OHIP-EDENT-MAC was psychometrically tested in 109 complete denture wearers.

Results The Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.892 confirmed good internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was confirmed by high intraclass correlation coefficient of the summary scores (0.986; 95% confidence interval 0.968–0.993). The concurrent validity was confirmed by the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r = -0.654) between the OHIP-EDENT-MAC summary scores and a single question which rated satisfaction with the existing removable dentures using a five-point scale (1 = unsatisfied, 5 = completely satisfied). Construct validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis. All item loadings were above 0.4. Items grouped in four factors (dimensions), which explained 66.25% of the variance, in both non-rotated and rotated matrices. Good responsiveness was confirmed in 33 participants after complete denture relining. Their OHIP Summary score (33.09 ± 11.61) decreased significantly (t = 7.68; df = 32; p < 0.001) after treatment (24.39 ± 8). The standardized effect size was 0.75, representing moderate to large effect.

Conclusion The OHIP-EDENT-MAC showed satisfactory psychometric properties providing evidence for its use in edentulous population of North Macedonia.

Keywords: OHIP-EDENT questionnaire; psychometrics; reliability; validity responsiveness; North Macedonia